diff --git a/src/models/users/trait.rs b/src/models/users/trait.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e16c32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/models/users/trait.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * advotracker - Hotline tackingtool for Advocats
+ *
+ * Copyright 2020 Ralf Zerres <ralf.zerres@networkx.de>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: (0BSD or MIT)
+ */
+
+// bring models into scope
+use diesel::backend::Backend;
+use diesel::deserialize;
+use diesel::deserialize::FromSql;
+use diesel::serialize;
+use diesel::serialize::{Output, ToSql};
+use diesel::sql_types::Integer;
+//use serde::Serializer;
+use serde;
+
+//use super::models::ConfirmState;
+//use crate::db::models::ConfirmState;
+
+// trait: meaningful enum/types for email confirmation states
+// in analogy: https://noyez.gitlab.io/post/2018-08-05-a-small-custom-bool-type-in-diesel/
+
+//#[repr(i32)]
+#[derive(AsExpression, Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, FromSqlRow)]
+#[sql_type = "Integer"]
+pub enum ConfirmState {
+    Unconfirmed = 0,
+    Confirmed = 1,
+    Authorized = 2,
+    Blocked = 3,
+}
+
+impl<DB> ToSql<Integer, DB> for ConfirmState
+where
+    DB: Backend,
+    i32: ToSql<Integer, DB>,
+{
+    fn to_sql<W: std::io::Write>(&self, out: &mut Output<W, DB>) -> serialize::Result {
+        let int_value;
+        match &self {
+            ConfirmState::Unconfirmed => int_value = 0,
+            ConfirmState::Confirmed => int_value = 1,
+            ConfirmState::Authorized => int_value = 2,
+            ConfirmState::Blocked => int_value = 3,
+        }
+        println!("Writing to sql: i32:{:?}", &int_value);
+        <i32 as ToSql<Integer, DB>>::to_sql(&int_value, out)
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+impl FromSql<Integer, Sqlite>
+    for ConfirmState
+{
+    fn from_sql(
+        bytes: Option<&<diesel::sqlite::Sqlite as diesel::backend::Backend>::RawValue>,
+    ) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
+        <i32 as diesel::deserialize::FromSql<
+                diesel::sql_types::Integer, diesel::sqlite::Sqlite>>::from_sql()
+            .map(ConfirmState::Confirmed)
+    }
+}
+ */
+
+impl<DB> FromSql<Integer, DB> for ConfirmState
+where
+    DB: Backend<RawValue = [u8]>,
+    i32: FromSql<Integer, DB>,
+{
+    fn from_sql(bytes: Option<&DB::RawValue>) -> deserialize::Result<Self> {
+        match <i32 as FromSql<Integer, DB>>::from_sql(bytes)? {
+            0 => Ok(ConfirmState::Unconfirmed),
+            1 => Ok(ConfirmState::Confirmed),
+            2 => Ok(ConfirmState::Authorized),
+            3 => Ok(ConfirmState::Blocked),
+            x => Err(format!("Unrecognized variant {}", x).into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+// WIP
+
+impl<DB> FromSql<Integer, DB> for ConfirmState
+where
+    DB: Backend,
+    i32: FromSql<Bool, DB> {
+    //fn from_sql(bytes: Option<diesel::backend::Backend>::RawValue<DB>) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
+    fn from_sql(
+        bytes: Option<&<DB>::RawValue>,
+    ) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
+        //println!("Reading from sql: bytes:{:?}", bytes);
+        match bytes {
+            <i32 as diesel::deserialize::FromSql<Integer, DB>>::from_sql(bytes)
+                .map(ConfirmState::Confirmed)
+        }
+        /*
+        Some(bytes) => if bytes[0] != 0 {
+        Ok(ConfirmState::Confirmed) }
+        else { Ok(ConfirmState::Unconfirmed) }
+        }
+        //<i32 as diesel::deserialize::FromSql<Integer, DB>>::from_sql(bytes).map(ConfirmState::Confirmed)
+        //fn from_sql(bytes: Option<Bool>) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
+        //    println!("Reading from sql: bytes:{:?}", bytes);
+        //    match bytes {
+        //        Some(bytes) => if bytes[0] != 0 {
+        //            Ok(ConfirmState::Confirmed) }
+        //        else { Ok(ConfirmState::Unconfirmed) },
+        //        None => Ok(ConfirmState::Unconfirmed),
+        //    }
+         */
+    }
+}
+ */
+
+/*
+impl<DB: diesel::backend::Backend<RawValue = [u8]>>
+    diesel::deserialize::FromSql<diesel::sql_types::Integer, DB> for ConfirmState
+{
+    fn from_sql(bytes: Option<&[u8]>) -> diesel::deserialize::Result<Self> {
+        <i32 as diesel::deserialize::FromSql<diesel::sql_types::Integer, DB>>::from_sql(
+            bytes,
+        )
+        .map($name)
+    }
+}
+ */
+
+struct ConfirmStateVisitor;
+use serde::de::Deserialize;
+use serde::de::{self, Visitor};
+
+impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for ConfirmStateVisitor {
+    type Value = ConfirmState;
+
+    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("an integer or string of ",
+                            "\"Unconfirmed (0)\",",
+                            "\"Confirmed (1)\"",
+                            "\"Authorized (2)\"",
+                            "\"Blocked (3)\".");
+    }
+
+    //fn visit_bool<E>(self, value: bool) -> Result<ConfirmState, E>
+    //where
+    //    E: de::Error,
+    //{
+    //    match value {
+    //        true => Ok(ConfirmState::Confirmed),
+    //        false => Ok(ConfirmState::Unconfirmed),
+    //    }
+    //}
+
+    fn visit_i32<E>(self, value: &'a i32) -> Result<self::Value, E>
+    where
+        E: de::Error,
+    {
+        match <i32 as FromSql<Integer, DB>>::from_sql(bytes)? {
+            0 => Ok(ConfirmState::Unconfirmed),
+            1 => Ok(ConfirmState::Confirmed),
+            2 => Ok(ConfirmState::Authorized),
+            3 => Ok(ConfirmState::Blocked),
+            x => Err(format!("Unrecognized variant {}", x).into()),
+            0 => Ok(ConfirmState::Confirmed),
+            false => Ok(ConfirmState::Unconfirmed),
+        }
+    }
+    fn visit_str<E>(self, value: &str) -> Result<self::Value, E>
+    where
+        E: de::Error,
+    {
+        match value {
+            //"Confirmed" | "Authorized" => Ok(ConfirmState::Confirmed),
+            //"Unconfirmed" | "Unauthorized" => Ok(ConfirmState::Unconfirmed),
+            "Unconfirmed" => Ok(ConfirmState::Unconfirmed),
+            "Confirmed" => Ok(ConfirmState::Confirmed),
+            "Authorized" => Ok(ConfirmState::Authorized),
+            "Bolcked" => Ok(ConfirmState::Blocked),
+            _s => Err(E::custom(format!("Unknown string value: {}", _s))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for ConfirmState {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<self::Value, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        deserializer.deserialize_any(ConfirmStateVisitor)
+    }
+}