273 lines
15 KiB
HTML
273 lines
15 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
|
||
<html lang="en" class="light" dir="ltr">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<!-- Book generated using mdBook -->
|
||
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
||
<title>The building blocks - The Element-Call Book</title>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Custom HTML head -->
|
||
|
||
<meta name="description" content="Element Call - the world’s first decentralised voice and video conferencing solution powered entirely by Matrix!">
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
||
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
|
||
|
||
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.svg">
|
||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.png">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/variables.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/general.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/chrome.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/print.css" media="print">
|
||
|
||
<!-- Fonts -->
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="fonts/fonts.css">
|
||
|
||
<!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets -->
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="highlight.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="tomorrow-night.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ayu-highlight.css">
|
||
|
||
<!-- Custom theme stylesheets -->
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ferries.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="theme/2020-edition.css">
|
||
|
||
<!-- MathJax -->
|
||
<script async src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body class="sidebar-visible no-js">
|
||
<div id="body-container">
|
||
<!-- Provide site root to javascript -->
|
||
<script>
|
||
var path_to_root = "";
|
||
var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "navy" : "light";
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes -->
|
||
<script>
|
||
try {
|
||
var theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme');
|
||
var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar');
|
||
|
||
if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) {
|
||
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) {
|
||
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1));
|
||
}
|
||
} catch (e) { }
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash -->
|
||
<script>
|
||
var theme;
|
||
try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { }
|
||
if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; }
|
||
var html = document.querySelector('html');
|
||
html.classList.remove('light')
|
||
html.classList.add(theme);
|
||
var body = document.querySelector('body');
|
||
body.classList.remove('no-js')
|
||
body.classList.add('js');
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="sidebar-toggle-anchor" class="hidden">
|
||
|
||
<!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed -->
|
||
<script>
|
||
var body = document.querySelector('body');
|
||
var sidebar = null;
|
||
var sidebar_toggle = document.getElementById("sidebar-toggle-anchor");
|
||
if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) {
|
||
try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { }
|
||
sidebar = sidebar || 'visible';
|
||
} else {
|
||
sidebar = 'hidden';
|
||
}
|
||
sidebar_toggle.checked = sidebar === 'visible';
|
||
body.classList.remove('sidebar-visible');
|
||
body.classList.add("sidebar-" + sidebar);
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
||
<div class="sidebar-scrollbox">
|
||
<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="title-page.html">The Element-Call book</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="foreword.html">Foreword</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="ch00-00-introduction.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><li class="part-title">Getting started</li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch01-00-getting-started.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Getting Started</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch01-01-building-blocks.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> The building blocks</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="ch01-02-element-call-hello.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Hello Element-Call!</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="ch02-00-installation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Installation</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="ch09-00-element-call-examples.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Element-Call Examples</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="ch09-01-element-call-hello.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> ELement-Call-Hello!</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="appendix-00.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Appendix</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="appendix-01-keywords.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> A - Keywords</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="appendix-02-operators.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> B - Operators and Symbols</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="appendix-03-derivable-traits.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> C - Derivable Traits</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="appendix-04-translation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> D - Translations of the Book</a></li></ol></li></ol>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle">
|
||
<div class="sidebar-resize-indicator"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Track and set sidebar scroll position -->
|
||
<script>
|
||
var sidebarScrollbox = document.querySelector('#sidebar .sidebar-scrollbox');
|
||
sidebarScrollbox.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
|
||
if (e.target.tagName === 'A') {
|
||
sessionStorage.setItem('sidebar-scroll', sidebarScrollbox.scrollTop);
|
||
}
|
||
}, { passive: true });
|
||
var sidebarScrollTop = sessionStorage.getItem('sidebar-scroll');
|
||
sessionStorage.removeItem('sidebar-scroll');
|
||
if (sidebarScrollTop) {
|
||
// preserve sidebar scroll position when navigating via links within sidebar
|
||
sidebarScrollbox.scrollTop = sidebarScrollTop;
|
||
} else {
|
||
// scroll sidebar to current active section when navigating via "next/previous chapter" buttons
|
||
var activeSection = document.querySelector('#sidebar .active');
|
||
if (activeSection) {
|
||
activeSection.scrollIntoView({ block: 'center' });
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
|
||
|
||
<div class="page">
|
||
<div id="menu-bar-hover-placeholder"></div>
|
||
<div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar sticky">
|
||
<div class="left-buttons">
|
||
<label id="sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" for="sidebar-toggle-anchor" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="sidebar">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<button id="theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-list">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<ul id="theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu">
|
||
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="light">Light</button></li>
|
||
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="rust">Rust</button></li>
|
||
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="coal">Coal</button></li>
|
||
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="navy">Navy</button></li>
|
||
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="ayu">Ayu</button></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<button id="search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search. (Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-search"></i>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<h1 class="menu-title">The Element-Call Book</h1>
|
||
|
||
<div class="right-buttons">
|
||
<a href="print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book">
|
||
<i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="https://gitea.networkx.de/rzerres/element-call/tree/main/book/{path}" title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository">
|
||
<i id="git-repository-button" class="fa fa-github"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="https://gitea.networkx.de/rzerres/element-call/tree/main/book/src/ch01-01-building-blocks.md" title="Suggest an edit" aria-label="Suggest an edit">
|
||
<i id="git-edit-button" class="fa fa-edit"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden">
|
||
<form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer">
|
||
<input type="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header">
|
||
</form>
|
||
<div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden">
|
||
<div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div>
|
||
<ul id="searchresults">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM -->
|
||
<script>
|
||
document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible');
|
||
document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible');
|
||
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) {
|
||
link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1);
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<div id="content" class="content">
|
||
<main>
|
||
<h2 id="building-blocks"><a class="header" href="#building-blocks">Building blocks</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Historically <code>Elememnt-Call</code> did implement an infrastructure, where
|
||
all participants were fully meshed. That means all participants had a
|
||
direct peer to each other. This structure does work quite well with a
|
||
low number of call partners (e.g 1:1 sessions). Clearly this structure
|
||
is totally inefficient and collapsing, as soon as the number of
|
||
participants rises: The needed number of streams that have to be
|
||
synchronized are increasing exponentionally.</p>
|
||
<p>Most commercial solutions overcome this bottleneck utilizing a
|
||
MCU-structure: Each participant of the call is directly connected to
|
||
the controlling MCU (the head).</p>
|
||
<p>MCU routing has disadvantages and shortcommings too.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>You can’t assign different egress parameters from the MCU to
|
||
individual participant streams</li>
|
||
<li>A single MCU can’t handle distributed structure</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Since the nature of Matrix based communication makes use of a
|
||
distributed infrasturcture, MatrixRTC need to handle this aspect. It
|
||
is implemented with an SFU backend.</p>
|
||
<p>The following image visualize the differences inside the available
|
||
<img src="./img/voip_routing_structures.png" alt="voip routing structures" /></p>
|
||
<h3 id="backend"><a class="header" href="#backend">Backend</a></h3>
|
||
<p>The MatrixRTC functionality is handled via <a href="https://github.com/livekit">LiveKit</a>.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="frontend"><a class="header" href="#frontend">Frontend</a></h3>
|
||
<p><img src="https://gitea.networkx.de/rzerres/element-call/book/blob/main/src/img/element-call_building_blocks.png" alt="Building blocks" /></p>
|
||
|
||
</main>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
|
||
<!-- Mobile navigation buttons -->
|
||
<a rel="prev" href="ch01-00-getting-started.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<a rel="next prefetch" href="ch01-02-element-call-hello.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<div style="clear: both"></div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
|
||
<a rel="prev" href="ch01-00-getting-started.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<a rel="next prefetch" href="ch01-02-element-call-hello.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
|
||
<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
window.playground_line_numbers = true;
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
window.playground_copyable = true;
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<script src="ace.js"></script>
|
||
<script src="editor.js"></script>
|
||
<script src="mode-rust.js"></script>
|
||
<script src="theme-dawn.js"></script>
|
||
<script src="theme-tomorrow_night.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script src="elasticlunr.min.js"></script>
|
||
<script src="mark.min.js"></script>
|
||
<script src="searcher.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script src="clipboard.min.js"></script>
|
||
<script src="highlight.js"></script>
|
||
<script src="book.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Custom JS scripts -->
|
||
<script src="ferries.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|